The demand for animal protein for human consumption is currently on the rise fueled mainly by an exponential increase of the world population. The higher demand of fishery products and capture restrictions as a result of wild fish stock exploitation made aquaculture an extremely important source of protein (mainly fish, shellfish, and algae) available in human diet. Production statistics database from FAO states a value of about 97.2 million tonnes, of which around 70.0 million tonnes of the total food fish and 27.0 million tonnes of aquatic plants. The awareness that nowadays competitiveness is extremely dependent on scientific knowledge and new technologies made the number of manuscripts published in this area to rise almost exponentially. Aquaculture faces many challenges in order to continuously deliver a high-quality farmed fish through a sustainable production system. In order to achieve this goal, new management strategies need to be addressed, and state-of-the-art technologies like proteomics have been applied to study many factors like welfare, safety, nutrition, and diseases, which are directly responsible for the end-product quality.
